TAARIQ HALIM (ABU DHABI)

Summertime in the UAE is a constant rush from one air-conditioned space to the next, to avoid the scorching heat and stifling humidity.

In the Middle East region, over 90% of the day is spent in indoors, temperature-controlled spaces – in the home, workplace, shopping centres and cars.

Health experts warn, however, that prolonged exposure to cold, dry air or poorly maintained cooling systems can contribute to a range of health problems, from throat irritation and nasal dryness to muscle stiffness and respiratory symptoms.

They advise using AC to cool, not to freeze rooms. A moderate temperature, controlled humidity, clean filters, adequate ventilation and regular maintenance are key to minimising potential health problems.

Health Conditions

Dr Amel Eisa Mohamed Al Amiri, Specialist Physician at SEHA Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Mohammed Medical City, says some of the conditions that may be aggravated by prolonged exposure to air conditioning include: Thermal shock: Moving rapidly from very hot outdoor temperatures into a very cold air-conditioned environment can place stress on the body’s thermoregulation. Sudden temperature changes may cause discomfort, headaches, dizziness, muscle stiffness, and worsening of respiratory symptoms.

Pharyngitis and laryngitis: Dry, cold air may irritate the throat and vocal cords, causing sore throat, discomfort when swallowing; hoarseness, coughing, or a persistent sensation of dryness.

Asthma and bronchial symptoms: Asthma sufferers may experience increased coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath. Similar symptoms can occur in some patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD.

Sinus problems: Low humidity can make nasal secretions thicker, potentially contributing to nasal blockage, sinus discomfort, facial pressure, and headaches, particularly in people who are already prone to sinus disease.

Mould and fungal exposure: Poorly maintained air-conditioning systems can accumulate moisture, particularly around cooling coils, drain pans, ducts, and filters.

This creates an environment where mould and fungi can grow. When contaminated air is circulated, sensitive individuals may develop nasal congestion, coughing, wheezing, eye irritation, or worsening of asthma and allergies.

Bacteria and other microorganisms: Dirty filters, stagnant water, and poorly maintained components can allow micro-organisms to accumulate. Air-conditioning systems can potentially contribute to the spread of bacteria and other germs through contaminated water or aerosols, although this is not the usual cause of common summer respiratory infections. Proper cleaning, disinfection, and maintenance are therefore important.

Dry eyes and skin: Air conditioning lowers indoor humidity, increasing evaporation from the eyes and skin. This can lead to dry or irritated eyes, particularly in contact-lens users, as well as dry, itchy, or flaky skin.

Comfortable and Healthy Environment

Dr Arafa Ibrahim Mohamed, Specialist Physician SEHA Al Dhafra Hospitals, clarifies that AC itself should not be considered a cause of illness in most people. Many of the problems are related to the way it is used or maintained.

“The risk is greater when indoor temperatures are kept excessively low, when there is a large difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures, when humidity is poorly controlled, or when filters and other components of the system are not cleaned regularly,” he said.

Optimal AC Settings

Dr Mohamed added: “The goal should not be to make the room as cold as possible, but to maintain a comfortable and healthy indoor environment. I would recommend setting the AC at around 24–26°C during the summer rather than using very low settings such as 16–18°C. This reduces the abrupt temperature difference between indoors and outdoors and can also improve energy efficiency.

“Humidity should ideally be kept around 40–60%, because excessively dry air can irritate the eyes, nose and throat, while excessive humidity encourages condensation and mould growth.”

Hygiene and public health experts agree that these AC settings are optimal and safest.

Youssef Danab of Rentokil Boecker UAE said for most homes and offices in the UAE, a temperature of 23–24°C provides a comfortable indoor environment. Relative humidity should ideally be maintained between 40% and 55% and, importantly, below 60%, as excessive moisture can encourage mould and microbial growth.

”Where available, it is generally better to use the AC’s ‘Auto’ setting. This allows the system to regulate cooling and fan operation according to the selected temperature, helping maintain more consistent comfort and humidity levels while avoiding unnecessary continuous operation,” he said.

Danab added that healthy indoor air does not depend on temperature alone. Effective filtration, adequate ventilation, balanced airflow and moisture control are equally important. AC vents should also not blow cold air continuously and directly onto occupants.

AC Servicing and Cleaning

Regular AC cleaning and servicing helps prevent the build-up of dust, dirt, moisture, and other contaminants that can affect indoor air quality.

Cleaning company The Healthy Home recommends having AC systems inspected and cleaned at least once a year, or more frequently in high-use spaces.

Maintenance should include checking filters, coils, drain pans, and other key components, as well as inspecting for moisture or mould. For ducted systems, the ductwork should be assessed and cleaned when necessary.

Filters should be cleaned or replaced according to the manufacturer's recommendations. If you notice musty odours, excessive dust, moisture, or reduced airflow, it is advisable to have the system professionally inspected.

Car AC Usage

Rentokil Boecker UAE advises, when entering a car that has been parked in the sun, to open the doors or windows briefly and initially operate the AC using fresh-air mode to release heat. Re-circulation can then be used to cool the interior more efficiently, particularly in traffic or dusty conditions.

For longer journeys, switch to fresh air periodically rather than leaving the system permanently on recirculation. The cabin-air filter should also be inspected and replaced according to the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations, especially if there is weak airflow, an unpleasant smell or increased dust inside the car.